n2grasp

EN ✅ Minimum wage is the lowest amount of money
that a worker must be paid per hour.
It is set by the government or local authorities.
Employers must not pay less than this amount.

EN 1 Hourly wage

ENアルバイト あるばいと 学生などがする仕事 Temporary/part-time job

EN労働者 ろうどうしゃ 働く人 Worker / Employee

ENDemonstratives and Text Structure

EN Lesson GOAL

ENYou will learn to understand what demonstratives refer to

ENYou will be able to grasp the structure of a passage

ENIn the JLPT reading section, there are questions that ask about what demonstrative words refer to

ENThe answer is often found in the part or sentence before the demonstrative.

EN The answer is often found in the part or sentence before the demonstrative. 練習問題

EN The answer is often found in the part or sentence before the demonstrative. 練習問題

EN The answer is often found in the part or sentence before the demonstrative. 精読(せいどく)

ENB

ENIf the answer is not stated directly in the sentence,
check the content by reading the parts before and after the reference word

EN If the answer is not stated directly in the sentence,
check the content by reading the parts before and after the reference word

EN If the answer is not stated directly in the sentence,
check the content by reading the parts before and after the reference word

EN If the answer is not stated directly in the sentence,
check the content by reading the parts before and after the reference word

ENI'll extract the Japanese text from this business communication document and provide
romanization and English translations sentence by sentence.
Page 1: 取引先に意見を伝えるときの話し方 Romanji: Torihikisaki ni iken wo tsutaeru toki
no hanashikata English: How to Express Your Opinion to a Business Partner

ENRomanji: AI ni yoru shigoto no jidōka wa "shigoto wo ushinau risuku ga aru" to iwarete imasu
English: It is often said that AI-driven automation may lead to the risk of losing jobs
これについてあなたはどう思いますか？ Romanji: Kore ni tsuite anata wa dō omoimasu
ka? English: What do you think about this?
Page 3: 意見の伝え方 Romanji: Iken no tsutaekata English: How to Express Your Opinions
Page 4: 意見を言うときの話し方 Romanji: Iken wo iu toki no hanashikata English: How to
speak when expressing opinions
結論⇒理由の順番で意見を言う Romanji: Ketsuron ⇒ riyū no junban de iken wo iu English:
State Your Conclusion First, Then Explain Your Reasons
Page 5: 結論：賛成意見を言うとき Romanji: Ketsuron: sansei iken wo iu toki English:
Conclusion: When expressing agreement
私は賛成です Romanji: Watashi wa sansei desu English: I agree
基本的には賛成です Romanji: Kihon-teki ni wa sansei desu English: I basically agree
私もそう思います Romanji: Watashi mo sō omoimasu English: I also think so
基本的にはそう思います Romanji: Kihon-teki ni wa sō omoimasu English: I basically think
so

ENいます。 Romanji: Watashi mo kihon-teki ni wa AI ni yoru jidōka wa, ichibu no shokushu de
wa shigoto ga ubawareru risuku ga takai to omoimasu. English: I also believe that, in general,
AI-driven automation carries a high risk of replacing jobs in certain types of work.
Page 6: 結論：反対意見を言うとき Romanji: Ketsuron: hantai iken wo iu toki English:
Conclusion: When expressing disagreement
必ずしも〜とは限りません Romanji: Kanarazushimo ~ to wa kagirimasen English: It's not
necessarily the case that ~

EN〜の可能性もあります Romanji: ~ no kanōsei mo arimasu English: There's also the
possibility that ~
確かに〜ですが、 Romanji: Tashika ni ~ desu ga, English: It's true that ~, but

ENAI wa ichibu no gyōmu wo jidōka shimasu ga, sono ippō de atarashii shokushu ya sukiru no juyō
ga fuete ori, ningen ga AI to kyōdō suru shigoto ni kawatte kite imasu. Jissai, jidōka ga susunde
mo, zentai to shite koyō ga genshō suru to wa kagiranai to iu kenkai mo arimasu. English: It's
true that AI automates certain tasks. However, at the same time, the demand for new types of
jobs and skills is increasing, and work is shifting toward roles where humans collaborate with
AI. In fact, some experts believe that even if automation advances, it doesn't necessarily mean
that overall employment will decrease.
Page 7: 理由：データに基づいた理由を伝えるとき Romanji: Riyū: dēta ni motozuita riyū
wo tsutaeru toki English: Reasons: When conveying data-based reasons
〜という調査結果が出ています Romanji: ~ to iu chōsa kekka ga dete imasu English: Survey
results show that ~
〜という報告があります Romanji: ~ to iu hōkoku ga arimasu English: There are reports that
~
〜と言われています Romanji: ~ to iwarete imasu English: It is said that ~

ENます。 Romanji: OECD chōsa de wa, nijū-nana pāsento no shokugyō ga AI no jidōka ni yoru
shitsugyō risuku ga takai to iu kekka ga dete imasu. English: According to an OECD survey,
27% of jobs are at high risk of being lost due to AI automation.
This document teaches how to structure business opinions professionally in Japanese,
emphasizing the importance of stating conclusions first followed by supporting reasons, and
providing appropriate language patterns for agreement, disagreement, and data-based arguments.
I'll extract the Japanese text from this role-play practice document and provide romanization and
English translations sentence by sentence.
Page 1:
ロールプレイ練習問題① Romanji: Rōrupurei renshū mondai ① English: Role-play
Practice Problem ①

ENRomanji: Tēma: AI ni yoru kasutamā sapōto gyōmu no jidōka teian ni tsuite iken kōkan suru
English: Theme: Discussing a Proposal to Automate Customer Support with AI
目的 Romanji: Mokuteki English: Objective

ENTorihikisaki to no kaiwa de "sansei" "hantai" "daian" wo teinei ni tsutaeru renshū wo suru
English: Practice how to express agreement, disagreement, or a counterproposal politely in
conversations with business partners

ENno haikei wo kanketsu ni setsumei shi, yawarakai hyōgen de teian・chōsei suru chikara wo
tsukeru English: Develop the ability to briefly explain your reasoning and make suggestions or
adjustments using soft, professional language
練習手順 Romanji: Renshū tejun English: Practice Procedure
役割分担 Romanji: Yakuwari buntan English: Role Assignment
A役：AI導入を提案する取引先担当者 Romanji: A-yaku: AI dōnyū wo teian suru
torihikisaki tantōsha English: Role A: Business partner representative proposing AI
implementation

ENB-yaku: Teian wo ukeru jisha no tantōsha (sansei/hantai/daian no izure ka wo tsutaeru) English:
Role B: Your company's representative receiving the proposal (conveying either
agreement/disagreement/alternative proposal)
状況設定 Romanji: Jōkyō settei English: Situation Setting

ENっています。 Romanji: Anata no kaisha de wa kasutamā sapōto ni ōku no jin'in wo saite ori,
gyōmu kōritsu ga kadai ni natte imasu. English: Your company currently assigns many staff to
customer support, and improving operational efficiency has become an issue.

ENありました。 Romanji: Torihikisaki no A-sha kara "AI chattobotto de taiō wo ichibu jidōka
shite wa dō ka" to iu teian ga arimashita. English: Company A (your business partner) has
proposed partially automating support services using an AI chatbot.
Page 2:

ENB役（意見を述べる側） Romanji: B-yaku (iken wo noberu gawa) English: Role B (the side
expressing opinions)
以下のどれかの立場を選び、敬語で返答する： Romanji: Ika no dore ka no tachiba wo
erabi, keigo de hen'tō suru: English: Choose one of the following positions and respond using
polite language:
賛成の立場： Romanji: Sansei no tachiba: English: Supportive stance:
「御社のご提案、大変興味深く拝見いたしました。」 Romanji: "Onsha no go-teian,
taihen kyōmi-bukai haiken itashimashita." English: "Thank you for your proposal. We found it
very interesting."

ENRomanji: "Toku ni kasutamā sapōto gyōmu ni oite wa, AI dōnyū ga yūkō da to kangaete
orimasu." English: "We believe that implementing AI would be particularly effective in
customer support operations."
反対の立場： Romanji: Hantai no tachiba: English: Opposing stance:

ENichibu kenen shite iru ten ga gozaimasu." English: "We appreciate your suggestion, but we do
have some concerns."

EN。」 Romanji: "Okyaku-sama to no shinrai kōchiku no kanten kara, ima no tokoro wa hito ni
yoru taiō ga hitsuyō to kangaete orimasu." English: "From the perspective of building trust with
our customers, we believe human interaction is still necessary at this stage."
代案を出す立場： Romanji: Daian wo dasu tachiba: English: Alternative proposal stance:

ENしょうか。」 Romanji: "Subete wo jidōka suru no de wa naku, ichiji taiō wo AI, niji taiō wo
hito ga okonau katachi wa ikaga deshō ka." English: "Rather than fully automating the process,
how about using AI for initial responses and having human staff handle the follow-up?"
「品質と効率の両立が図れると考えております。」 Romanji: "Hinshitsu to kōritsu no
ryōritsu ga hakareru to kangaete orimasu." English: "We believe this approach can balance both
quality and efficiency."
Page 3:

ENテーマ：翻訳業務のAI自動化について意見交換する Romanji: Tēma: Hon'yaku gyōmu no
AI jidōka ni tsuite iken kōkan suru English: Theme: Discussing the Use of AI for Translation
Tasks
状況設定 Romanji: Jōkyō settei English: Situation Setting

EN繁に発生しています。 Romanji: Torihikisaki no kaisha de wa, kaigai kigyō to no yaritori ya
seihin manyuaru no sakusei nado de hon'yaku gyōmu ga hinpan ni hassei shite imasu. English:
The partner company frequently handles translation tasks, such as communicating with overseas
clients and creating product manuals.

ENhon'yaku gaisha ya shanai sutaffu ga taiō shite imasu. English: Currently, these tasks are
handled by external translation agencies or in-house staff.

EN。 Romanji: Torihikisaki ni taishite "seisei AI wo katsuyō shite hon'yaku gyōmu wo jidōka
shimasen ka" to teian shimashō. English: Let's propose the idea of using generative AI to
automate part of the translation work.
役割分担 Romanji: Yakuwari buntan English: Role Assignment
A役：AI翻訳の導入を提案する取引先の営業担当者 Romanji: A-yaku: AI hon'yaku no
dōnyū wo teian suru torihikisaki no eigyō tantōsha English: Role A: Sales representative from
business partner proposing AI translation implementation

ENRomanji: B-yaku: Teian wo ukeru jisha no tantōsha (sansei/hantai/daian no izure ka wo erande
taiō) English: Role B: Your company's representative receiving the proposal (choose to respond
with agreement/disagreement/alternative proposal)
A役（提案側） Romanji: A-yaku (teian-gawa) English: Role A (proposing side)

EN"Konkai wa, hon'yaku gyōmu ni seisei AI wo katsuyō suru teian wo sasete itadakimasu."
English: "We'd like to propose using generative AI for your company's translation tasks."

EN"Supīdo to kosuto no men de, ōhaba na kōritsu-ka ga mikomeru to kangaete orimasu." English:
"We believe this would significantly improve efficiency in terms of both speed and cost."

ENdōnyū ni tsuite dono yō ni okangae deshō ka?" English: "What are your thoughts on introducing
this system into your operations?"

ENThis document provides structured role-play exercises for practicing business Japanese
communication skills, specifically focusing on how to professionally express agreement,
disagreement, or alternative proposals in business meetings.
This is another excellent N2 reading comprehension exercise demonstrating Pattern ② for
demonstrative reference questions. Let me analyze it:
Text Analysis
Context: The passage describes someone who previously had no interest in computer games but
became addicted after being introduced to a simple game by a friend.
Demonstrative Reference Question

ENAnswer Analysis

ENReasoning (Pattern ②):
• "こんな" refers to the type of person described in the preceding paragraph
• The previous paragraph establishes the narrator as someone who:
o Had no interest in computer games
o Found game commercials incomprehensible
o Thought game addiction was unrelated to themselves
• The key phrase is paraphrased: 「自分とは関係がないことだ」becomes「夢中にな

ENReading Strategy
This demonstrates Pattern ②: When the answer isn't directly stated, you must:
1. Read the context before the demonstrative
2. Summarize the overall meaning of that section
3. Find the choice that captures that summary
The word "こんな" (this kind of) requires understanding the characterization built up in the
previous paragraph, not just a single phrase.

ENVocabulary Extension: ○○不足 Patterns
The document provides comprehensive examples of "shortage/lack" expressions:
Health/Lifestyle:
• 睡眠不足 (sleep deprivation)
• 運動不足 (lack of exercise)
• 栄養不足 (malnutrition)
Business:
• 人手不足 (staff shortage)
• 資金不足 (funding shortage)
• 情報不足 (lack of information)
Emotional/Social:
• 理解不足 (lack of understanding)
• コミュニケーション不足 (poor communication)
• 信頼不足 (lack of trust)
This exercise reinforces that JLPT N2 reading requires synthesizing information across multiple
sentences rather than just identifying single words or phrases.

EN勤務を終える 勤務を終わらせる、退職する to finish one's service

EN (a department)

EN （受け身） (a department)